Izindaba

Inani elikhulu lamagesi ezimbonini afana ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen ne-argon asetshenziselwa inqubo yokuncibilikisa amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi.I-oksijeni isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqhumeni kwesithando somlilo, ukuncibilika kokunciphisa isithando somlilo, isiguquli, ukuncibilikisa kwesithando somlilo kagesi;I-nitrogen isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuvalwa kwesithando somlilo, igesi evikelayo, ukwenza insimbi nokucwengisiswa, ukuchaphazwa kwe-slag kusiguquli ukuze kuvikelwe isithando somlilo, igesi yokuphepha, indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nokuhlanzwa kwesistimu, njll. Igesi ye-Argon isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni insimbi nokucwenga.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kokukhiqiza, izigayo ezinkulu zensimbi zifakwe esiteshini esikhethekile se-oxygen kanye ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen ne-argon power pipe network system.

Amabhizinisi amakhulu ensimbi esebenza ngokugcwele okwamanje anezinqubo ezijwayelekile: i-coke oven, i-sintering, i-blast furnace steelmaking, i-converter yokwenza insimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi, inqubo yokugingqika, njll. Ngenxa yokugcizelela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokwenza lula ukugeleza kwenqubo, insimbi yamazwe ngamazwe futhi imboni yensimbi ithuthukise inqubo emfushane ngaphambi kwe-iron ezikhathini zanamuhla - ukwenza insimbi yokunciphisa ukuncibilika, okunciphisa ngokuqondile izinto zokusetshenziswa kwensimbi yensimbi ibe yinsimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni sokuncibilika.

Kunomehluko omkhulu egesi yezimboni edingwa yizinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuncibilikisa.Umoya-mpilo odingwa isithando somlilo esincibilikisayo esivamile uhlanganisa u-28% wengqikithi yesidingo somoya-mpilo esitshalweni sensimbi, futhi umoya-mpilo odingwa ukwenziwa kwensimbi uhlanganisa u-40% wengqikithi yesidingo somoya-mpilo esitshalweni sensimbi.Nokho, inqubo yokunciphisa ukuncibilika (COREX) idinga u-78% yenani eliphelele lomoya-mpilo odingekayo ekukhiqizeni insimbi kanye no-13% yenani eliphelele lomoya-mpilo odingekayo ekwenzeni insimbi.

Lezi zinqubo ezimbili ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi inqubo yokwenza insimbi yokunciphisa ukuncibilika, ziye zaduma eShayina.

Izidingo zegesi yokugaya insimbi:

Indima eyinhloko yokunikezwa komoya-mpilo ekuncibilikiseni kwesithando somlilo ukuqinisekisa izinga elithile lokushisa eliphezulu esithandweni somlilo, kunokubamba iqhaza ngokuqondile ekuphenduleni kokuncibilika.Umoya-mpilo uxutshwa esithandweni somlilo bese uxutshwa njengomoya onomoya-mpilo esithandweni somlilo.Ukusebenza kahle kokunothisa komoyampilo komoya wokuqhuma ohlongozwe ohlelweni lwangaphambilini kuvamise ukuba ngaphansi kuka-3%.Ngokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yesithando somlilo, ukuze kugcinwe i-coke, ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwenqubo enkulu yokujova amalahle, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwesithando somlilo ukuze kuthuthukiswe okukhiphayo, izinga lokucebisa komoya-mpilo womoya oqhumayo liyakhuphuka libe ngu-5. ∽6%, kanti ukusetshenziswa kanye komoyampilo kufika ku-60Nm3/T iron.

Ngenxa yokuthi ingxube ye-oxygen yesithando somlilo iwumoya onomoya-mpilo, ukuhlanzeka komoyampilo kungaba phansi.

Umoya-mpilo enqubweni yokwenza insimbi yokunciphisa ukuncibilika udinga ukubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kokuncibilika, futhi ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kuhambisana ngokuqondile nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi.Ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo esithandweni sokunciphisa ukuncibilika kuyinsimbi engu-528Nm3/t, okuyizikhathi eziyi-10 zokusetshenziswa komoyampilo kunqubo yesithando somlilo esiqhumayo.Ukunikezwa komoyampilo okuncane okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa esithandweni sokunciphisa ukuncibilika kungu-42% yenani elivamile lokukhiqiza.

Ukuhlanzeka komoyampilo okudingwa isithando somlilo sokunciphisa ukuncibilika kungaphezu kuka-95%, umfutho we-oxygen ungu-0.8∽ 1.0MPa, ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwengcindezi bulawulwa ku-0.8MPa±5%, futhi umoya-mpilo kufanele uqinisekiswe ukuthi unenani elithile lokuqhubekayo. hlinzeka isikhathi esithile.Ngokwesibonelo, esithandweni Corex-3000, kubalulekile ukucabangela 550T uketshezi isitoreji oxygen.

Inqubo yokwenza insimbi ihlukile kunesithando somlilo kanye nendlela yokuncibilikisa yokuncibilikisa isithando somlilo.Umoya-mpilo osetshenziswa ekuguquleni insimbi ukwenza izikhawu, futhi umoya-mpilo uyalayishwa lapho kuphephethwa umoya-mpilo, futhi umoya-mpilo uyabandakanyeka ekuncibilikeni kokuncibilika.Kunobudlelwano obuqondile obulinganayo phakathi kwenani lomoya-mpilo odingekayo kanye nokuphumayo kwensimbi.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yesevisi yesiguquli, ubuchwepheshe be-nitrogen slag splashing ngokuvamile busetshenziswa ezigayweni zensimbi okwamanje.I-nitrogen isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi umthwalo mkhulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi umfutho we-nitrogen odingekayo mkhulu kuno-1.4MPa.

I-Argon iyadingeka ekwenzeni insimbi nokucwenga.Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zensimbi, izidingo zokucwenga ziphakeme, futhi inani le-argon elisetshenziswayo liyakhula kancane kancane.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen kwesigayo esibandayo kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele ku-50∽67Nm3/t ngeyunithi ngayinye.Ngokungezwa kwesigayo esibandayo endaweni yokugingqika yensimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen yesigayo sensimbi kukhula ngokushesha.

Ukwenza insimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-arc, futhi izinga lokushisa endaweni yesenzo se-arc liphezulu ngendlela engu-4000℃.Inqubo yokuncibilikisa ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngenkathi yokuncibilika, isikhathi se-oxidation kanye nesikhathi sokunciphisa, esithandweni asikwazi nje ukubangela umkhathi we-oxidation, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukunciphisa umkhathi, ngakho ukusebenza kahle kwe-dephosphorization, i-desulfurization iphezulu kakhulu.Isithando somlilo esiphakathi nendawo siwuhlobo lwe-will frequency 50hz eshintshashintshayo yamanje ibe ifrikhwensi emaphakathi (ngaphezulu kuka-300hz – 1000 hz) idivayisi yokuphakela amandla, imvamisa yamandla eshintshashintshayo yezigaba ezintathu (ac), ngemva kokulungiswa ibe yamanje eqondile, bese ibekwa. ugesi oguquguqukayo ophakathi nendawo, ukunikezwa kwamanje okuqondile nge-capacitance kanye nekhoyili yokungeniswa ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa i-intermediate frequency alternating current, ukukhiqiza imigqa yamandla kazibuthe ephezulu kukhoyili yokungeniswa, ikhoyili yokungeniswa, nokusika ku-cheng fang yezinto zensimbi, kukhiqiza i-eddy eningi. okwamanje ezintweni zensimbi.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen okukodwa kufika ku-42∽45 Nm3/t.

Vula inqubo yokwenza insimbi eziko ngezinto zokusetshenziswa: (1) insimbi nensimbi njengensimbi yengulube noma insimbi encibilikisiwe, izinsalela;② ama-oxidants njenge-iron ore, umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile wezimboni, i-ore yokwenziwa ecebile;③ i-slagging ejenti efana nomcako (noma i-limestone), i-fluorite, i-ettringite, njll.;④ i-deoxidizer ne-alloy izithasiselo.

Umphumela we-oksijeni ukuhlinzeka ngomkhathi oxidizing, iziko elivulekile elincibilikisa igesi evuthayo yasendlini (igesi yesithando somlilo) iqukethe i-O2, i-CO2, i-H2O, njll., ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, igesi ene-oxidizing eqinile eya echibini elincibilikisiwe lokunikezwa komoya-mpilo kufika ku-0.2 ~ 0.4% wesisindo insimbi ngehora, i-oxidation yechibi elincibilikisiwe, ukuze i-slag ihlale ine-oxidation ephezulu.

Ithiphu: Ukunikezwa komoyampilo ngegesi yesithando somlilo iyodwa, isivinini sihamba kancane, ukwengeza insimbi yensimbi noma ukuvunguza komoyampilo kungasheshisa inqubo yokusabela.

Izici zomoya-mpilo osetshenziswa ezigayweni zensimbi: ukukhululwa komoyampilo kanye nokulungiswa okuphezulu komoyampilo.

Ungahlangabezana kanjani nesidingo se-oxygen yezigayo zensimbi?Ngokuvamile, izindlela ezilandelayo zemukelwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo:

* Yamukela umthwalo oguquguqukayo, izinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalelayo lokulawula okuthuthukile, ukunciphisa ukukhululwa komoya-mpilo, kungaba amasethi amaningi enhlanganisela

* Amaqembu amaningi amathangi ayindilinga alawula inani eliphakeme asetshenziswa ngendlela evamile ukuze kwandiswe amandla okubhafa, ukuze inani eliphelele lomoya-mpilo osetshenziswe esikhathini esithile lizinze, elinganciphisa inani lokukhululwa komoyampilo futhi linciphise usayizi. kwedivayisi

* Emazingeni aphansi okusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo, umoya-mpilo owedlulele ukhishwa ngokukhipha umoya-mpilo owuketshezi;Lapho kusetshenziswa inani eliphakeme le-oxygen, inani lomoya-mpilo linxeshezelwa ngokuhwamuka.Lapho umthamo wokumpompa wangaphandle womoya-mpilo owuketshezi unganqunyelwe umthamo wokupholisa, indlela yokukhipha uketshezi yangaphandle iyasetshenziswa ukuze kuncibilike umoya-mpilo okhululiwe futhi indlela yokuhwamuka iyamukelwa ukuze kuhwamulise umoya-mpilo owuketshezi.

* Sebenzisa inani lezigayo zensimbi ezixhunywe kugridi ukuze kutholakale igesi, okwenza isamba sesikali sokunikezwa komoya-mpilo sizinze ngokuvumelana nezikhathi ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa kwegesi

Inqubo yokufanisa yeyunithi yokuhlukanisa umoya

Ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwenqubo yesiteshi somoya-mpilo kudinga umthamo weyunithi, ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo, ingcindezi yokudlulisa, inqubo ye-booster, ukuphepha kwesistimu, ukwakheka okuphelele, ukulawula umsindo ukwenza isitifiketi esikhethekile.

Izigayo ezinkulu zensimbi ezinomoya-mpilo, ngokwesibonelo, umphumela wonyaka wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 wenqubo yokuqhuma kwesithando somlilo nge-oxygen ukuze kuzuzwe i-150000 Nm3 / h, umphumela wonyaka wamathani ayizigidi ezi-3 wenqubo yokunciphisa isithando somlilo nge-oxygen ukuze kuzuzwe 240000 Nm3 / h, yakha isethi ephelele yamadivayisi amakhulu kakhulu okuhlukanisa umoya avuthiwe manje aseyibanga elingu-6 ∽ 100000, lapho kukhethwa usayizi wedivayisi kufanele usuke emalini etshaliwe kumishini nokusebenza kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, izingxenye ezisele zokunakekela, zihlanganisa indawo yokucatshangelwa.

Ukubalwa komoyampilo wokwenza insimbi emshinini wensimbi

Isibonelo, isithando somlilo esisodwa sinomjikelezo we-70min kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa igesi se-50min.Uma ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kungu-8000Nm3/h, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi (okuqhubekayo) kweyunithi yokuhlukanisa umoya kuyadingeka ukuthi kube ngu-8000× (50/60) ÷ (70/60) =5715Nm3/h.Bese kuthi i-5800Nm3/h ingakhethwa njengethuluzi lokuhlukanisa umoya.

I-tonnage evamile yensimbi enomoya-mpilo ingu-42-45Nm3/h(ithani ngalinye), isidingo sakho kokubili ukubalwa kwezimali, futhi lokhu kuzoba khona.

Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi aseChina agxumele phambili emhlabeni, kodwa insimbi ekhethekile, ikakhulukazi imikhakha ethile ebalulekile ehlobene nomnotho wezwe kanye nokuphila kwabantu ngensimbi isancike ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke insimbi yasekhaya kanye amabhizinisi ensimbi aholwa yi-Baowu Iron and Steel Factory kusesenendlela ende okusamele ahanjwe, ngoba ukuphumelela kwezinkambu ezithuthukile neziyinkimbinkimbi kuyaphuthuma kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo semikhiqizo yokuhlukanisa umoya embonini yensimbi siye sahlukahluka kakhulu.Abasebenzisi abaningi abadingi i-oxygen kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-high-purity nitrogen ne-argon gas, noma ngisho namanye amagesi angavamile.Njengamanje, i-Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., iShougang nezinye izigayo ezinkulu zensimbi zinamasethi amaningana emishini yokuhlukanisa umoya ekhishwe ngokugcwele esebenzayo.I-by-product igesi ehloniphekile yemishini yokuhlukanisa umoya ayikwazi nje ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sokukhiqiza kazwelonke, kodwa futhi ilethe izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho.

Ngokuthuthuka okukhulu kwezigayo zensimbi, esikhundleni sokusekela iyunithi yokuhlukanisa umoya ibheke embonini enkulu yokuhlukanisa umoya ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka yentuthuko, izinkampani ezihlukanisa umoya zasekhaya nazo zinethemba lokuhlangana namabhizinisi ahamba phambili emhlabeni, abahlinzeki basekhaya, abamelwe. yi-hangyang co kanye nezinye isitshalo sokuhlukanisa umoya uye wasungula amamaki angu-8-120000 wemishini yokuhlukanisa umoya omkhulu, idivayisi yegesi engavamile yasekhaya iye yaba ucwaningo oluyimpumelelo nokuthuthukiswa, i-electronic Air China iqale sekuphuzile, kodwa futhi iqinisa ucwaningo nentuthuko, bakholelwa. ukuthi ngenqubekela phambili yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, imboni yokuhlukanisa igesi eChina izoya phesheya, ibheke emhlabeni.